In a single volume, Transcatheter Closure of ASDs and PFOs: A Comprehensive Assessment supplies pediatric cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, and cardiology fellows with expertise about all aspects of treating ASDs and PFOs. Along with thorough discussions of fundamental topics such as anatomy, natural history, and indications, it offers abundant information about imaging techniques, surgical and nonsurgical procedures, devices, and trials. Every device currently available, both approved and nonapproved, is covered in detail along with technical analyses of how to close defects. In addition, this timely book addresses the association between PFOs and strokes and migraines, and examines the status of all trials relevant to transcatheter closure of ASDs and PFOs.

Part 1: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Natural History 
1. Anatomy of the Atrial Septum; Paul Weinberg, Akash Patel 
2. Natural and Unnatural History of a Secundum ASD; Thomas Graham, Tom Doyle 
3. Atrial Septal Defects: Clinical Perspectives; Wail Alkashkari, Ziyad Hijazi 
4. Historical Perspectives on ASD Device Closure; Terry King, Noel Mills 
5. PFO Closure for Prevention of Recurrent Stroke and TIA; Ted Feldman 
6. PFO and Migraines; Jonathan Tobis

Part 2: Imaging and Assessment 
7. Imaging to Guide ASD and PFO Closure–TTE and TEE; Sinai Zyblewski, Girish Shirali 
8. Imaging to Guide ASD and PFO Closure: Intracardiac Echocardiography (ICE); Mustafa Al-Qbandi, Qi-Ling Cao, Ziyad Hijazi 
9. Ct Evaluation of the Interatrial Septum in ASDs; Robert Quaife, John Carroll 
10. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Assessment of ASDs and PFOs: Relation to Pre Device Closure and Post; Mark Fogel

Part 3: Procedure Techniques 
11. Establishing a Program in Structural Heart Disease Interventional Therapies; Ted Feldman, Ziyad Hijazi 
12. How to Close Simple Atrial Septal Defects; Matthew Egan, Ralf Holzer 
13. Device Closure of Difficult ASDs; Mustafa Al-Qbandi, Ziyad Hijazi 
14. Device Closure of ASDs in Small Children; Mustafa Al-Qbandi, Ziyad Hijazi 
15. Device Closure of ASDs and PFOs in the Elderly: Hemodynamic Assessment; Mehmet Cilingiroglu, Ted Feldman 
16. Closure of ASDs with Pulmonary Hypertension: Assessing Operability; Sara M. Trucco, William Hellenbrand 
17. Device Closure of ASDs in Patients with R-L Shunt; Anas Salkini, John Moore 
18. Device Closure of Fenestrations Post Fontan Operation; Mustafa Al-Qbandi, Ziyad Hijazi 
19. Unusual Vascular Access to Close ASDs and PFOs; Larry Latson 
20. Transcatheter ASD Closure without Fluoroscopy; Peter Ewert, Felix Berger 
21. New Minimally Invasive Techniques for Surgical Closure of ASDs and PFOs; Nikolay Vasilyev, Pedro del Nido 
22. Complications of Device Closure of ASDs and PFOs; Zahid Amin 
23. Nightmare Cases in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory during Percutaneous Closure of ASD; Mustafa Al-Qbandi, Tarek Momenah, Ziyad Hijazi 
24. My Worst Nightmare Cases of PFO Closure; Tina Lehr, Sonya Joy, Kristina Renkhoff, Nina Wunderlich, Horst Sievert

Part 4: Devices 
25. Engineering Aspects of Metallic and Bioabsorbable Devices; Carol Devellian, Stephanie Kladakis, Steven Opolski 
26. The Amplatzer Devices for ASDs and PFOs; Trong-Phi Le, Horst Sievert 
27. The Gore Helex Septal Occluder; Ted Feldman 
28. The Occlutech Flex Devices for ASD and PFO; Horst Sievert, Nicolas Majunke 
29. Transcatheter Patch Device; Basilios Sideris, John Coulson, Eleftherios Sideris
30. The CardioSEAL/STARFlex Family of Devices for Closure of Atrial Level Defects; Paul Kramer
31. Bioabsorbable Devices: The BioSTAR and BioTREK for ASD and PFO; Ryan Ko, Michael Mullen
32. Cardia Devices; Daniel Turner, Thomas Forbes
33. The Solysafe Septal Occluder for the Closure of ASDs and PFOs; Peter Ewert