Describes and illustrates the pathoanatomy of various spinal disorders and correlation with clinical symptoms and surgical treatment. Written by an International group of Experts of Spine Surgeons, this book thoroughly examines new technologies for treating spinal degenerative conditions while preserving motion. Offers a comprehensive text on standards of care with innovative and cutting edge technology from Percutaneous Endoscopic Thoracic Disectomy to Complex Internal Kyphectomy for deformity. It justifies the highly scientific and molecular basis of stem cell research and clinical applications. The contributors are International luminaries and pioneers of Spinal Surgery and Neurosurgery. The text is supported richly with concise and easy to comprehend figures and tables containing a highly impressive section on surgical techniques covering the most mundane to the basics of spine pathophysiology, biomechanics and molecular biology. Section 1 Endoscopic Spinal Surgery 1. Foraminal Endoscopic Treatment of Painful Degenerative Conditions of the Lumbar Spine: The YESS Technique 2. Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy (PEID) 3. Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (PELD) for Extraforaminal Disc Herniation 4. Percutaneous Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy: Posterolateral Transforaminal Approach 5. Percutaneous Endoscopic Cervical Diskectomy 6. Cervical and Lumbar Facet Joint Denervation by Radiofrequency and Laser Technique 7. Thoracic and Lumbar Sympathectomy by Radiofrequency and Laser Technique Section 2 Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery 8. Vertebroplasty 9. Single Balloon Kyphoplasty using Far Lateral Extrapedicular Approach 10. Vesselplasty: A Novel Concept of Percutaneous Treatment for Stabilization and Height Restoration of Vertebral Compression Fractures Technical Consideration Section 3 Non-Fusion Technology 11. Total Cervical Disc Arthroplasty 12. Lumbar Total Disc Replacement for Degenerative Disc Disease 13. The Total Posterior Arthroplasty System 14. Nucleus Arthroplasty® Devices: Pioneering Means to Restore Degenerated Lumbar Vertebral Segments 15. Interspinous Implants 16. Interspinous Locker Fixing with Artificial Ligament (ILF) 17. An Overview of Pedicle Screw-Based Dynamic Stabilization Devices for the Lumbar Spine 18. Multilevel Oblique Corpectomy without Fusion 19. Selective Laminoplasty including Skip Laminectomy: New Posterior Approach for Cervical Myelopathy Section 4 Spinal Fixation20. Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Fusion and Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis 21. Cervical Pedicle Screw Fixation 22. Spine Tumor Management Surgical Indications: Techniques and Outcomes 23. Symptomatic Vacuum Phenomenon of the Lumbar Discs 24. Kyphosis in Spinal Tuberculosis (TB) Evolution, Prevention and Management 25. A Novel Lumbar Interbody Fixation Device: Transvertebral and Intervertebral Motion Neutralization Plate Cage System Section 5 Spine Molecular Advances 26. Stem Cells in Spine.