The sellar region contains numerous essential structures, which embryologically arise in a complex manner, resulting in tight neighborship of otherwise unrelated tissues. As the prime example, the pituitary gland contains epithelial structures, arising from the future oral cavity, differentiates into neuroendocrine cells, has a dedicated vascular network facilitating hormone release and at the same time comprises a direct junction to the central nervous system (CNS). Besides the pituitary gland, the sellar region also lies within the former anterior neuropore where germ cell progenitors are located in the embryo and at the same time is close to the anterior end of the former notochord, a cartilage-like structure still present in the early human embryo and evolution’s first attempt toward bilateral symmetric creatures with a spinal cord that would later evolve into vertebrates and ultimately humans. Such a potpourri of highly specialized and very different progenitor cell lineages explains the often-confusing morphological appearance of tumors that most likely arise from these structures that typically have a midline orientation. Besides lesions caused by nonresident cell populations or external factors, such as meningiomas, metastases, apoplexy, or abscesses, the sellar region is highly enriched in rare, locoregionally specific neoplasms of extremely diverse cell-of-origin lineage.

Section I: Pituitary Gland Tumors
Chapter 1 Pathologies of the Sellar Region
Introduction to the Sellar Region
Introduction to the Pituitary Gland
Pathologies and Its Variants
Anatomical Considerations
Clinical Considerations
Radiological Considerations
Surgical Considerations
Preoperative Considerations
Selection of the Surgical Approach
Presurgical Phase
Nasal Phase (Tailored Approach)
Osteodural Phase (Zonal Dissection)
Intradural Phase (Tumor Resection)
Skull Base Defect Closure
Postoperative Care
Nonsurgical Treatment Modalities
Management of Complications
Tips and Pearls
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2 Endoscopic Transnasal Approach for Pituitary Tumors
Chapter 3 Endoscopic Endonasal Surgeries for Pituitary Macroadenoma
Chapter 4 Endoscopic Endonasal Revision Surgery for Pituitary Adenoma
Chapter 5 Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Functioning Pituitary Adenoma
Chapter 6 Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Cystic Lesions of the Sella
Section II: Supra-sellar Region
Section III: Transcribriform Approach
Section IV: Clival Region
Section V: Craniocervical Junction
Section VI: Orbital Region
Section VII: Orbital Apex and Optic Nerve
Section VIII: Infratemporal Fossa and Parapharyngeal Space
Section IX: Petrous Region
Section X: Meckel’s Cave
Section XI: Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Section XII: Reconstruction in Endoscopic Skull Base
Section XIII: Cavernous Sinus
Section XIV: Sinonasal Tumors
Section XV: Skullbase Fibro-osseous Pathologies
Section XVI: Complications
Section XVII: Basics in Otology
Section XVIII: Translabyrinthine Approach
Section XIX: Approaches Through the Otic Capsule
Section XX: Retrolabyrinthine Approach
Section XXI: Presigmoid Approach
Section XXII: Management of Glomus Tumors/Approaches to Jugular Foramen
Section XXIII: Approach to Foramen Magnum Tumors
Section XXIV: Surgeries for Vertigo
Section XXV: Microvascular Decompression
Section XXVI: Retrosigmoid Approach
Section XXVII: Middle Cranial Fossa
Section XXVIII: Otogenic Infections and Tumors
Section XXIX: Rehabilitative Surgery
Atlas of 360 Degree Skull Base Surgery

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